Termites, common name for insects with a scientific name Isoptera (Isoptera), are insects wing but experts do not agree on the precise classification. The Isoptera include approximately 2,300 species. Often confused with ants, as those are social insects. Called “White Ants”. The food is mainly wood. Their society includes the ranks of workers, soldiers and reproductions. They live in warm areas.
Variation of ants
The main difference of termites from ants is that their body is integral with a slight constriction between the thorax and abdomen, but thin stalk have ants joins the thorax with the abdomen.
Morphological characteristics of adults
Termites are polymorphic. Sterile workers (females and males), sterile soldiers (male and female) and reproductive individuals but have much in common. The body is a soft, white, only the head part or in whole have the amber.
In head sprout two filamentous antennae. Complex eyes can be very simple and eyelets may be missing. The mouthparts are chewing type. In sterile castes are more impressive.The legs are long hips and hocks almost all families are tetramers.
The abdomen consists of ten rings and with few exceptions results in a pair of bleachers (or Kirk, cerci). The Kirk have only a few articles. Normally the external genital organs are absent.
Reproductive individuals
In most species there is only one queen and one king per society. In primitive species can have more pairs of kings. The types of stem families and meet other reproductive persons in an emergency can replace kings.
Mature breeding individuals have four membranous wings. They exhibit at the base of a thin slit, in which the wings are broken when discarded. The name took Isoptera by the fact that the front wings are very similar to the rear. They have rich innervation with many transverse veins. The exoskeleton is tougher than the other castes. The queen in many species the years can acquire an enormous abdomen compared with others.
Troops
The soldiers are easily recognized by the shape of the head. The head is hard and can not exceed half of the length of the entire body. In primitive species of the upper jaws are very large and are designed to bite. For this purpose and may not be symmetrical and close very quickly. In other species can be long and thin and serve as nippers. In other species the enemies can not be disregarded by biting, but with a large gland secretions in the head, which is repellent or toxic or sticky. The glue in some species may be secreted under stress and ” spit ” the enemy. In other species the head has the form and function gasket.
Workers
Workers in many species is polymorphic. The heads resemble the heads of breeding, but the buds are smaller or missing.
Morphological characters of larvae
The larvae of the first stage does not have a hard mouthparts, which would allow chewing of food, but the mouthparts remain soft and white. For this reason also called “white nymphs .” The white larvae are very small and remain near the eggs. Compared with other insects are like ” effect of early hatching”. The workers feed with the special food, prepared in their mouths. With this saves croquet and queens can produce many small eggs instead of few big ones.
In the following moult sterile wingless morph into soldiers or laborers while fertile breeding birds come males and females. Although they are sterile, in some species, the male and female workers are distinguished by size. According to the type of male workers may be larger or smaller than the female. And soldiers can vary in size. There are species with a species with two or even three castes soldiers. The fertile larvae developed only after the colony reached age a few years.
Food
Only the workers can feed themselves. The other castes and larvae must obtain food, normally the workers. This food contains saliva and digestive substances. Delivered by word of mouth or from headquarters in mouth.
Typically the workers feed on wood, but we encounter and expertise in other plant foods, dry grasses, fungi, leaves, soil with plant residues, manure from herbivores. For this reason they need cohabitants who break the cellulose. These animal organizations vary greatly and is almost typical for the different families. In primitive types are protozoa, fungi and other bacteria.
There is a solution.
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